The probability of the existence of a feasible flow in a stochastic transportation network

Stochastic transportation networks arise in various real world applications, for which the probability of the existence of a feasible flow is regarded as an important performance measure. Although the necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a feasible flow represented by an exponential number of inequalities is a well‐known result in the literature, the computation of the probability of all such inequalities being satisfied jointly is a daunting challenge. The state‐of‐the‐art approach of Prékopa and Boros, Operat Res 39 (1991) 119–129 approximates this probability by giving its lower and upper bounds using a two‐part procedure. The first part eliminates all redundant inequalities and the second gives the lower and upper bounds of the probability by solving two well‐defined linear programs with the inputs obtained from the first part. Unfortunately, the first part may still leave many non‐redundant inequalities. In this case, it would be very time consuming to compute the inputs for the second part even for small‐sized networks. In this paper, we first present a model that can be used to eliminate all redundant inequalities and give the corresponding computational results for the same numerical examples used in Prékopa and Boros, Operat Res 39 (1991) 119–129. We also show how to improve the lower and upper bounds of the probability using the multitree and hypermultitree, respectively. Furthermore, we propose an exact solution approach based on the state space decomposition to compute the probability. We derive a feasible state from a state space and then decompose the space into several disjoint subspaces iteratively. The probability is equal to the sum of the probabilities in these subspaces. We use the 8‐node and 15‐node network examples in Prékopa and Boros, Operat Res 39 (1991) 119–129 and the Sioux‐Falls network with 24 nodes to show that the space decomposition algorithm can obtain the exact probability of these classical examples efficiently. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 479–491, 2016     

希尔伯特-黄变换在脉冲涡流信号消噪与识别中的应用

针对传统方法无法有效识别不同尺寸细小裂纹所产生的脉冲涡流信号,提出一种基于希尔伯特-黄变换的脉冲涡流信号消噪与识别算法。对脉冲涡流信号进行集成经验模态分解并通过归一化自相关函数及其方差特性分选出含有噪声的本征模态函数;对含噪声的本征模态函数进行阈值消噪并与未做处理的本征模态函数重构成无噪声信号;对无噪声信号进行希尔伯特-黄变换并计算出希尔伯特边际谱;根据希尔伯特边际谱的差异识别出不同细小尺寸的表面与下表面裂纹。实验结果表明了所提方法的有效性,经过集成经验模态分解消噪,消除了噪声对脉冲涡流信号的干扰;而基于希尔伯特-黄变换的方法则能够有效识别出不同尺寸的裂纹。     

A characterization of optimal base‐stock levels for a multistage serial supply chain

In this article, we present a multistage model to optimize inventory control decisions under stochastic demand and continuous review. We first formulate the general problem for continuous stages and use a decomposition solution approach: since it is never optimal to let orders cross, the general problem can be broken into a set of single‐unit subproblems that can be solved in a sequential fashion. These subproblems are optimal control problems for which a differential equation must be solved. This can be done easily by recursively identifying coefficients and performing a line search. The methodology is then extended to a discrete number of stages and allows us to compute the optimal solution in an efficient manner, with a competitive complexity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 32–46, 2016     

复杂线型小水线面双体船兴波阻力数值计算方法研究

将分段幂多项式拟合方法与线性兴波阻力理论相结合,提出一种针对复杂线型小水线面双体船的兴波阻力数值计算方法,该方法应用于常规小水线面双体船的兴波阻力计算,表明该方法能在常规的幂多项式拟合方法的基础上进一步提高计算精度,同时也验证了该方法的正确性,将该方法的计算结果与复杂线型小水线面双体船剩余阻力的试验结果相比,两者吻合较好,证明了该方法用于复杂线型小水线面双体船的兴波阻力计算是可行的。     

末段多层反导作战的任务分解

任务分解是末段多层反导任务规划的基础和前提。为有效提高任务的执行效率,界定了作战任务分解的基本概念,改进了任务分解的方法,提出了任务分解的基本原则,建立了作战任务属性数据表,明确了子任务的结构关系、优先顺序和资源需求。任务分解进一步明晰和细化了反导作战任务,可降低决策的复杂性,提高作战资源的利用效率。     

舰艇编队保障性指标的分解方法

针对目前保障性分配仅限于单船的问题,借鉴基本可靠度的分配思想,通过对舰艇编队使用可用度与单船使用可用度关系的分析,建立了舰艇编队保障性指标分解模型,并采用多因子评分系数分配法来确定舰艇编队保障性指标的权重。最后,通过实例给出了具体分解操作步骤,证明了该模型的正确性和有效性。分解结果可优化舰艇编队的编成,为编队里同型单船保障性指标的确定提供修正,同时为完善舰艇编队的综合保障工程提供参考。     

穿浪双体船尾板减阻数值分析

基于RANS方程,采用RNG k-ε湍流模型和VOF两相流模型,研究了尾板长度与安装角度对穿浪双体船总阻力的影响规律.计算结果表明:尾板可以调整穿浪双体船的航态,达到有效降低阻力的目的;减阻在一定速度范围内有效,减阻的效果取决于尾板安装角度和长度,但阻力的减少并不与安装角度和长度成比例,最佳的安装角度约为3°～6°,长度约为1％～2％ LWL.     

Zn-Al—Mg-RE高速电弧喷涂工艺过程的氧化行为分析

为分析高速电弧喷涂工艺制备Zn-Al-Mg-RE防腐涂层的氧化行为,通过XRD、SEM和EDS试验探究了喷涂工艺对该涂层氧化物的组成、含量及其形态的影响规律,并测试了涂层的中性盐雾腐蚀性能。结果发现：该涂层具有典型的层状结构特征,在相互叠加的扁平颗粒之间有很薄的氧化物膜,同时在扁平颗粒的内部也非均匀地分布着富氧化物区,XRD显示这些氧化物主要为ZnO2和尖晶石结构的ZnAl2O4与MgAl2O4等。分析认为：喷涂时液态金属熔滴在高速气流剪切力作用和反应热梯度作用下,加剧了Zn-Al-Mg-RE熔滴的氧化,这些交错分布的氧化物对合金相产生了较好的屏蔽效果,从而提高了涂层的耐蚀性能。     

AZ91D镁合金表面纳米TiO_2复合微弧氧化层耐蚀性能研究

为了提高AZ91D镁合金微弧氧化陶瓷层的耐蚀能力,采用Na2SiO3电解液,添加入纳米TiO2,经微弧氧化,纳米TiO2颗粒复合入陶瓷层中,形成表面质量良好的纳米复合陶瓷质氧化膜。通过与普通微弧氧化陶瓷层比较,结果表明：纳米TiO2复合微弧氧化陶瓷层孔隙率降低,致密性提高,抗盐雾腐蚀性能提高1倍以上。     

潜艇内置隔板流体特性

为了探究隔板对隔舱特性的影响,以带流水孔潜艇内置隔板为研究对象,对潜艇内置隔舱设置不同的隔板数目,基于大涡模拟(LES)方法进行三维仿真模型进行数值模拟,分析内置隔板对潜艇隔舱阻力以及流噪声特性的影响。结果表明,内置隔板与流体的作用直接影响隔舱的整体特性。隔板数越多,隔舱阻力越大,噪声级也越高,并且阻力以及流噪声与来流速度呈正比例关系,这为潜艇内置隔板的设计提供了参考。